First published online April 28, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.081208
Plant Physiology 141:412-422 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Combined Transcript and Metabolite Profiling of Arabidopsis Leaves Reveals Fundamental Effects of the Thiol-Disulfide Status on Plant Metabolism1,[W],[OA]
Anna Kolbe,
Sandra N. Oliver,
Alisdair R. Fernie,
Mark Stitt,
Joost T. van Dongen and
Peter Geigenberger*
Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Golm-Potsdam, Germany
In this study, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in combination with flux analysis and the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip to survey the metabolome and transcriptome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves in response to manipulation of the thiol-disulfide status. Feeding low concentrations of the sulfhydryl reagent dithiothreitol for 1 h at the end of the dark period led to posttranslational redox activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and major alterations in leaf carbon partitioning, including an increased flux into major respiratory pathways, starch, cell wall, and amino acid synthesis, and a reduced flux to sucrose. This was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of hexose phosphates, while metabolites in the second half of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and various amino acids increased, indicating a stimulation of anaplerotic fluxes reliant on  -ketoglutarate. There was also an increase in shikimate as a precursor of secondary plant products and marked changes in the levels of the minor sugars involved in ascorbate synthesis and cell wall metabolism. Transcript profiling revealed a relatively small number of changes in the levels of transcripts coding for components of redox regulation, transport processes, and cell wall, protein, and amino acid metabolism, while there were no major alterations in transcript levels coding for enzymes involved in central metabolic pathways. These results provide a global picture of the effect of redox and reveal the utility of transcript and metabolite profiling as systemic strategies to uncover the occurrence of redox modulation in vivo.
1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, with the grants Ge 878/1–4 (to P.G.), SFB 429 TP–B7 (to P.G. and A.K.), and SFB 429 TP–A11 (to P.G., J.T.v.D., and A.R.F.).
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Peter Geigenberger (geigenberger{at}mpimp-golm.mpg.de).
[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.081208.
* Corresponding author; e-mail geigenberger{at}mpimp-golm.mpg.de; fax 49–331–567–8408.
Received March 30, 2006;
returned for revision April 6, 2006;
accepted April 6, 2006.
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