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First published online May 12, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.081091

Plant Physiology 141:851-857 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists

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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

Early Steps in the Biosynthesis of NAD in Arabidopsis Start with Aspartate and Occur in the Plastid1

Akira Katoh, Kazuya Uenohara, Mitsuru Akita and Takashi Hashimoto*

Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630–0192, Japan (A.K., K.U., T.H.); and Faculty of Agriculture and Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790–8577, Japan (M.A.)

NAD is a ubiquitous coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and is synthesized by way of quinolinate. Animals and some bacteria synthesize quinolinate from tryptophan, whereas other bacteria synthesize quinolinate from aspartate (Asp) using L-Asp oxidase and quinolinate synthase. We show here that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) uses the Asp-to-quinolinate pathway. The Arabidopsis L-Asp oxidase or quinolinate synthase gene complemented the Escherichia coli mutant defective in the corresponding gene, and T-DNA-based disruption of either of these genes, as well as of the gene coding for the enzyme quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, was embryo lethal. An analysis of functional green fluorescent protein-fused constructs and in vitro assays of uptake into isolated chloroplasts demonstrated that these three enzymes are located in the plastid.

1 This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (Research for the Future grant no. 00L01605 to T.H.) and the President's discretionary budgets of Ehime University (grant to M.A.).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Takashi Hashimoto (hasimoto{at}bs.naist.jp).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.081091.

* Corresponding author; e-mail hasimoto{at}bs.naist.jp; fax 81–743–72–5529.

Received March 28, 2006; returned for revision May 7, 2006; accepted May 9, 2006.




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