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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

AINTEGUMENTA Contributes to Organ Polarity and Regulates Growth of Lateral Organs in Combination with YABBY Genes¹

Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208

Lateral organs in flowering plants display polarity along their adaxial-abaxial axis with distinct cell types forming at different positions along this axis. Members of three classes of transcription factors in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; the Class III homeodomain/leucine zipper [HD-ZIP] proteins, KANADI proteins, and YABBY proteins) are expressed in either the adaxial or abaxial domain of organ primordia where they confer these respective identities. Little is known about the factors that act upstream of these polarity-determining genes to regulate their expression. We have investigated the relationship between AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), a gene that promotes initiation and growth of lateral organ primordia, and polarity genes. Although ant single mutants do not display any obvious defects in organ polarity, loss of ANT activity in combination with mutations in one or more YABBY genes results in polarity defects greater than those observed in the yabby mutants alone. Our results suggest that ANT acts in combination with the YABBY gene FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) to promote organ polarity by up-regulating the expression of the adaxial-specifying HD-ZIP gene PHABULOSA. Furthermore, we show that ANT acts with FIL to up-regulate expression of the floral homeotic gene APETALA3. Our work defines new roles for ANT in the development of lateral organs.

² Present address: Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.

The author responsible for the distribution of materials integral to the finding presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Beth A. Krizek (krizek{at}sc.edu).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.076604.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail krizek{at}sc.edu; fax 803–777–4002.

Received January 2, 2006; returned for revision May 5, 2006; accepted May 12, 2006.

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