First published online June 30, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082586
Plant Physiology 141:1446-1458 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS
Mutations in Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 and Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles in Metal Ion Homeostasis and Loading of Metal Ions in Seeds1
Brian M. Waters2,
Heng-Hsuan Chu,
Raymond J. DiDonato3,
Louis A. Roberts4,
Robynn B. Eisley,
Brett Lahner,
David E. Salt and
Elsbeth L. Walker*
Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (B.M.W., H-H.C., R.J.D., L.A.R., R.B.E., E.L.W.); and Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (B.L., D.E.S.)
Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant.  -Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by YSL1 and YSL3 promoters, reveals expression patterns of the genes in roots, leaves, and flowers. Expression was highest in senescing rosette leaves and cauline leaves. Whereas the single mutants ysl1 and ysl3 had no visible phenotypes, the ysl1ysl3 double mutant exhibited Fe deficiency symptoms, such as interveinal chlorosis. Leaf Fe concentrations are decreased in the double mutant, whereas manganese, zinc, and especially copper concentrations are elevated. In seeds of double-mutant plants, the concentrations of Fe, zinc, and copper are low. Mobilization of metals from leaves during senescence is impaired in the double mutant. In addition, the double mutant has reduced fertility due to defective anther and embryo development. The proposed physiological roles for YSL1 and YSL3 are in delivery of metal micronutrients to and from vascular tissues.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB0114748).
2 Present address: Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
3 Present address: Microbiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
4 Present address: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Elsbeth L. Walker (ewalker{at}bio.umass.edu).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.082586.
* Corresponding author; e-mail ewalker{at}bio.umass.edu; fax 413–545–3243.
Received April 26, 2006;
returned for revision June 14, 2006;
accepted June 21, 2006.
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