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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Long-Term Submergence-Induced Elongation in Rumex palustris Requires Abscisic Acid-Dependent Biosynthesis of Gibberellin₁¹

Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, The Netherlands (J.J.B., J.B., A.J.M.P., N.W., K.G., L.A.C.J.V.); Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Herts, United Kingdom (D.W., P.H.); and Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S–90183 Umea, Sweden (T.M.)

Rumex palustris (polygonceae) responds to complete submergence with enhanced elongation of its youngest petioles. This process requires the presence of gibberellin (GA) and is associated with an increase in the concentration of GA₁ in elongating petioles. We have examined how GA biosynthesis was regulated in submerged plants. Therefore, cDNAs encoding GA-biosynthetic enzymes GA 20-oxidase and GA 3-oxidase, and the GA-deactivating enzyme GA 2-oxidase were cloned from R. palustris and the kinetics of transcription of the corresponding genes was determined during a 24 h submergence period. The submergence-induced elongation response could be separated into several phases: (1) during the first phase of 4 h, petiole elongation was insensitive to GA; (2) from 4 to 6 h onward growth was limited by GA; and (3) from 15 h onward underwater elongation was dependent, but not limited by GA. Submergence induced an increase of GA₁ concentration, as well as enhanced transcript levels of RpGA3ox1. Exogenous abscisic acid repressed the transcript levels of RpGA20ox1 and RpGA3ox1 and thus inhibited the submergence-induced increase in GA₁. Abscisic acid had no effect on the tissue responsiveness to GA.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

³ Present address: Department for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.

⁴ Present address: Laboratori de Genètica Molecular Vegetal, Consorci Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Technologia Agroalimentàries, Jordi Girona, 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.

⁵ Present address: Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Laurentius A.C.J. Voesenek (l.a.c.j.voesenek{at}bio.uu.nl).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.082636.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail l.a.c.j.voesenek{at}bio.uu.nl; fax 31–30–2518366.

Received April 27, 2006; returned for revision May 22, 2006; accepted May 31, 2006.

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