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First published online July 14, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.084657

Plant Physiology 142:265-279 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists

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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE REGULATION

The Medicago truncatula Lysine Motif-Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family Includes NFP and New Nodule-Expressed Genes1,[W]

Jean-François Arrighi, Annick Barre, Besma Ben Amor2, Anne Bersoult, Lidia Campos Soriano, Rossana Mirabella, Fernanda de Carvalho-Niebel, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Michèle Ghérardi, Thierry Huguet, René Geurts, Jean Dénarié, Pierre Rougé and Clare Gough*

Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (J.-F.A., B.B.A., A. Bersoult, F.C.-N., E.-P.J., M.G., T.H., J.D., C.G.); Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A. Barre, P.R.); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (L.C.S., R.M., R.G.); and Laboratoire Biotechnologies et Amélioration des Plantes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (T.H.)

Rhizobial Nod factors are key symbiotic signals responsible for starting the nodulation process in host legume plants. Of the six Medicago truncatula genes controlling a Nod factor signaling pathway, Nod Factor Perception (NFP) was reported as a candidate Nod factor receptor gene. Here, we provide further evidence for this by showing that NFP is a lysine motif (LysM)-receptor-like kinase (RLK). NFP was shown both to be expressed in association with infection thread development and to be involved in the infection process. Consistent with deviations from conserved kinase domain sequences, NFP did not show autophosphorylation activity, suggesting that NFP needs to associate with an active kinase or has unusual functional characteristics different from classical kinases. Identification of nine new M. truncatula LysM-RLK genes revealed a larger family than in the nonlegumes Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) or rice (Oryza sativa) of at least 17 members that can be divided into three subfamilies. Three LysM domains could be structurally predicted for all M. truncatula LysM-RLK proteins, whereas one subfamily, which includes NFP, was characterized by deviations from conserved kinase sequences. Most of the newly identified genes were found to be expressed in roots and nodules, suggesting this class of receptors may be more extensively involved in nodulation than was previously known.

1 This work was supported by the French Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (doctoral grants to J.F.A. and A. Bersoult), by the French government in the frame of Tunisian cooperation (doctoral grant to B.B.A.), and by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project NT05–4–42720).

2 Present address: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Clare Gough (gough{at}toulouse.inra.fr).

[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.084657

* Corresponding author; e-mail gough{at}toulouse.inra.fr; fax 33–561285061.

Received June 4, 2006; accepted July 8, 2006.




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