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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Consistency of Polyamine Profiles and Expression of Arginine Decarboxylase in Mitosis during Zygotic Embryogenesis of Scots Pine¹

Department of Biology (J.V., A.J., M.S., R.M., S.S., H.H.) and Department of Mathematical Sciences/Statistics (E.L.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (T.A.); and Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Unit, 39700 Parkano, Finland (T.S.)

In this study, we show that both arginine decarboxylase (ADC) protein and mRNA transcript are present at different phases of mitosis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) zygotic embryogenesis. We also examined the consistency of polyamine (PA) profiles with the effective temperature sum, the latter indicating the developmental stage of the embryos. PA metabolism was analyzed by fitting statistical regression models to the data of free and soluble conjugated PAs, to the enzyme activities of ADC and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), as well as to the gene expression of ADC. According to the fitted models, PAs typically had the tendency to increase at the early stages but decrease at the late stages of embryogenesis. Only the free putrescine fraction remained stable during embryo development. The PA biosynthesis strongly preferred the ADC pathway. Both ADC gene expression and ADC enzyme activity were substantially higher than putative ODC gene expression or ODC enzyme activity, respectively. ADC gene expression and enzyme activity increased during embryogenesis, which suggests the involvement of transcriptional regulation in the expression of ADC. Both ADC mRNA and ADC protein localized in dividing cells of embryo meristems and more specifically within the mitotic spindle apparatus and close to the chromosomes, respectively. The results suggest the essential role of ADC in the mitosis of plant cells.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Hely Häggman (hely.haggman{at}oulu.fi).

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.083030

^* Corresponding author; e-mail jaana.vuosku{at}oulu.fi; fax 358–8–553–1061.

Received May 7, 2006; accepted September 5, 2006; published September 8, 2006.

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