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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

An Investigation of Boron Toxicity in Barley Using Metabolomics^1,[W]

Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (U.R., J.H.P., M.G.F., P.L., A.B.); and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient that affects plant growth at either deficient or toxic concentrations in soil. The aim of this work was to investigate the adaptation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants to toxic B levels and to increase our understanding of B toxicity tolerance mechanisms. We used a metabolomics approach to compare metabolite profiles in root and leaf tissues of an intolerant, commercial cultivar (cv Clipper) and a B-tolerant Algerian landrace (cv Sahara). After exposure to elevated B (200 and 1,000 µM), the number and amplitude of metabolite changes in roots was greater in Clipper than in Sahara. In contrast, leaf metabolites of both cultivars only responded following 1,000 µM treatment, at which B toxicity symptoms (necrosis) were visible. In addition, metabolite levels were dramatically altered in the tips of leaves of the sensitive cultivar Clipper after growth in 1,000 µM B compared to those of Sahara. This correlates with a gradual accumulation of B from leaf base to tip in B-intolerant cultivars. Overall, there were always greater differences between tissue types (roots and leaves) than between the two cultivars. This work has provided insights into metabolic differences of two genetically distinct barley cultivars and information about how they respond metabolically to increasing B levels.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Ute Roessner (ute.roessner{at}acpfg.com.au).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.084053

^* Corresponding author; e-mail ute.roessner{at}acpfg.com.au; fax 61–3–9347–1071.

Received May 23, 2006; accepted September 13, 2006; published September 22, 2006.

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