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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE REGULATION

Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) Contributes to White Color Formation in Chrysanthemum Petals^1,[OA]

National Institute of Floricultural Science, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8519, Japan

The white petals of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) are believed to contain a factor that inhibits the accumulation of carotenoids. To find this factor, we performed polymerase chain reaction-Select subtraction screening and obtained a clone expressed differentially in white and yellow petals. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein (designated CmCCD4a) encoded by the clone was highly homologous to the sequence of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. All the white-flowered chrysanthemum cultivars tested showed high levels of CmCCD4a transcript in their petals, whereas most of the yellow-flowered cultivars showed extremely low levels. Expression of CmCCD4a was strictly limited to flower petals and was not detected in other organs, such as the root, stem, or leaf. White petals turned yellow after the RNAi construct of CmCCD4a was introduced. These results indicate that in white petals of chrysanthemums, carotenoids are synthesized but are subsequently degraded into colorless compounds, which results in the white color.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Akemi Ohmiya (ohmiya{at}affrc.go.jp).

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www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.087130

^* Corresponding author; e-mail ohmiya{at}affrc.go.jp; fax 81–29–838–6841.

Received July 31, 2006; accepted August 29, 2006; published September 15, 2006.

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