First published online October 13, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.090423
Plant Physiology 142:1442-1459 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Dynamic Response of Prevacuolar Compartments to Brefeldin A in Plant Cells1,[W],[OA]
Yu Chung Tse,
Sze Wan Lo,
Stefan Hillmer,
Paul Dupree and
Liwen Jiang*
Department of Biology (Y.C.T., S.W.L., L.J.) and Molecular Biotechnology Program (Y.C.T., S.W.L., L.J.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, D–69120 Heidelberg, Germany (S.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (P.D.)
Little is known about the dynamics and molecular components of plant prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) in the secretory pathway. Using transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells expressing membrane-anchored yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporters marking Golgi or PVCs, we have recently demonstrated that PVCs are mobile multivesicular bodies defined by vacuolar sorting receptor proteins. Here, we demonstrate that Golgi and PVCs have different sensitivity in response to brefeldin A (BFA) treatment in living tobacco BY-2 cells. BFA at low concentrations (5–10 µg mL–1) induced YFP-marked Golgi stacks to form both endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi hybrid structures and BFA-induced aggregates, but had little effect on YFP-marked PVCs in transgenic BY-2 cells at both confocal and immunogold electron microscopy levels. However, BFA at high concentrations (50–100 µg mL–1) caused both YFP-marked Golgi stacks and PVCs to form aggregates in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Normal Golgi or PVC signals can be recovered upon removal of BFA from the culture media. Confocal immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy studies with specific organelle markers further demonstrate that the PVC aggregates are distinct, but physically associated, with Golgi aggregates in BFA-treated cells and that PVCs might lose their internal vesicle structures at high BFA concentration. In addition, vacuolar sorting receptor-marked PVCs in root-tip cells of tobacco, pea (Pisum sativum), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) upon BFA treatment are also induced to form similar aggregates. Thus, we have demonstrated that the effects of BFA are not limited to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, but extend to PVC in the endomembrane system, which might provide a quick tool for distinguishing Golgi from PVC for its identification and characterization, as well as a possible new tool in studying PVC-mediated protein traffic in plant cells.
1 This work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (grant nos. CUHK4156/01M, CUHK4260/02M, CUHK4307/03M, and CUHK4580/05M), the National Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30529001), and the Chinese University of Hong Kong Scheme C (to L.J.).
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Liwen Jiang (ljiang{at}cuhk.edu.hk).
[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.090423
* Corresponding author; e-mail ljiang{at}cuhk.edu.hk; fax 852–2603–5646.
Received September 27, 2006;
accepted October 9, 2006;
published October 13, 2006.
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