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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Proteomic Analysis of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis^1,[W]

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (Etablissement Agro Paris Tech), Chaire de Physiologie Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 204, F–75231 Paris cedex 05, France (K.C., S.A., M.J., P.G.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 204, F–78026 Versailles cedex, France (M.J., P.G.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2847, F–69263 Lyon cedex 09, France (C.J., D.J.)

The mechanisms controlling seed dormancy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been characterized by proteomics using the dormant (D) accession Cvi originating from the Cape Verde Islands. Comparative studies carried out with freshly harvested dormant and after-ripened non-dormant (ND) seeds revealed a specific differential accumulation of 32 proteins. The data suggested that proteins associated with metabolic functions potentially involved in germination can accumulate during after-ripening in the dry state leading to dormancy release. Exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) to ND seeds strongly impeded their germination, which physiologically mimicked the behavior of D imbibed seeds. This application resulted in an alteration of the accumulation pattern of 71 proteins. There was a strong down-accumulation of a major part (90%) of these proteins, which were involved mainly in energetic and protein metabolisms. This feature suggested that exogenous ABA triggers proteolytic mechanisms in imbibed seeds. An analysis of de novo protein synthesis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in the presence of [³⁵S]-methionine disclosed that exogenous ABA does not impede protein biosynthesis during imbibition. Furthermore, imbibed D seeds proved competent for de novo protein synthesis, demonstrating that impediment of protein translation was not the cause of the observed block of seed germination. However, the two-dimensional protein profiles were markedly different from those obtained with the ND seeds imbibed in ABA. Altogether, the data showed that the mechanisms blocking germination of the ND seeds by ABA application are different from those preventing germination of the D seeds imbibed in basal medium.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Philippe Grappin (grappin{at}versailles.inra.fr).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.087452

^* Corresponding author; e-mail grappin{at}versailles.inra.fr; fax 33–1–44–08–18–34.

Received July 27, 2006; accepted September 29, 2006; published October 6, 2006.

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