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First published online October 27, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.086629 Plant Physiology 142:1574-1588 (2006) © 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists Variation of Enzyme Activities and Metabolite Levels in 24 Arabidopsis Accessions Growing in Carbon-Limited Conditions1,[W]Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.M.C., L.B., R.S., Y.G., N.P., M.S.); and Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.v.K., T.A.)
Our understanding of the interaction of carbon (C) metabolism with nitrogen (N) metabolism and growth is based mainly on studies of responses to environmental treatments, and studies of mutants and transformants. Here, we investigate which metabolic parameters vary and which parameters change in a coordinated manner in 24 genetically diverse Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions, grown in C-limited conditions. The accessions were grown in short days, moderate light, and high nitrate, and analyzed for rosette biomass, levels of structural components (protein, chlorophyll), total phenols and major metabolic intermediates (sugars, starch, nitrate, amino acids), and the activities of seven representative enzymes from central C and N metabolism. The largest variation was found for plant weight, reducing sugars, starch at the end of the night, and several enzyme activities. High levels of one sugar correlated with high levels of other sugars and starch, and a trend to increased amino acids, slightly lower nitrate, and higher protein. The activities of enzymes at the interface of C and N metabolism correlated with each other, but were unrelated to carbohydrates, amino acid levels, and total protein. Rosette weight was unrelated or showed a weak negative trend to sugar and amino acid contents at the end of the day in most of the accessions, and was negatively correlated with starch at the end of the night. Rosette weight was positively correlated with several enzyme activities. We propose that growth is not related to the absolute levels of starch, sugars, and amino acids; instead, it is related to flux, which is indicated by the enzymatic capacity to use these central resources.
1 This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, the European Commission (RTN project PLUSN to J.M.C. and contract no. QLK1–CT–2001–01080 to N.P.), and the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (GABI-EVAST grant no. 0313122B to M.v.K., T.A., and M.S., GABI-BMBF project no. 0312277A to Y.G. and R.S., and two joint GABI-Genoplante Projects on Functional Genomics of Nitrogen Metabolism and Studies of Natural Diversity, 0312853 and 0313062, to L.B.). 2 Present address: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall 259, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–6340. The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Joanna M. Cross (jomafrcr1970{at}yahoo.co.uk). [W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.086629 * Corresponding author; e-mail jomafrcr1970{at}yahoo.co.uk; fax 509–335–7643. Received July 13, 2006; accepted October 13, 2006; published November 3, 2006. Related articles in Plant Physiol.:
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