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First published online November 17, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.091496

Plant Physiology 143:461-472 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists

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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

Insights into the Role of Specific Lipids in the Formation and Delivery of Lipid Microdomains to the Plasma Membrane of Plant Cells1,[W]

Maryse Laloi2, Anne-Marie Perret, Laurent Chatre3, Su Melser, Catherine Cantrel, Marie-Noëlle Vaultier, Alain Zachowski, Katell Bathany, Jean-Marie Schmitter, Myriam Vallet, René Lessire, Marie-Andrée Hartmann and Patrick Moreau*

Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, BP 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (M.L., A.M.P., L.C., S.M., M.V., R.L., P.M.); Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2846-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France (C.C., M.N.V., A.Z.); Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France (K.B., J.M.S.); and Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2357, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (M.A.H.)

The existence of sphingolipid- and sterol-enriched microdomains, known as lipid rafts, in the plasma membrane (PM) of eukaryotic cells is well documented. To obtain more insight into the lipid molecular species required for the formation of microdomains in plants, we have isolated detergent (Triton X-100)-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the PM of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and leek (Allium porrum) seedlings as well as from Arabidopsis cell cultures. Here, we show that all DRM preparations are enriched in sterols, sterylglucosides, and glucosylceramides (GluCer) and depleted in glycerophospholipids. The GluCer of DRMs from leek seedlings contain hydroxypalmitic acid. We investigated the role of sterols in DRM formation along the secretory pathway in leek seedlings. We present evidence for the presence of DRMs in both the PM and the Golgi apparatus but not in the endoplasmic reticulum. In leek seedlings treated with fenpropimorph, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, the usual {Delta}5-sterols are replaced by 9beta,19-cyclopropylsterols. In these plants, sterols and hydroxypalmitic acid-containing GluCer do not reach the PM, and most DRMs are recovered from the Golgi apparatus, indicating that {Delta}5-sterols and GluCer play a crucial role in lipid microdomain formation and delivery to the PM. In addition, DRM formation in Arabidopsis cells is shown to depend on the unsaturation degree of fatty acyl chains as evidenced by the dramatic decrease in the amount of DRMs prepared from the Arabidopsis mutants, fad2 and Fad3+, affected in their fatty acid desaturases.

1 This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (postdoctoral fellowship to M.L.), by the Victor Segalen University of Bordeaux 2, by the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine (M.L., A.M.P., L.C., M.V., R.L., P.M.; mass spectrometry equipment to J.M.S.), and by the Pierre and Marie Curie University of Paris (C.C., M.N.V., A.Z.).

2 Present address: Laboratoire de Physiologie, Biochimie et Biologie Végétales, Génétique des Levures, UMR 6161-CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers-cedex, France.

3 Present address: Department of Biology, 112 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Patrick Moreau (pmoreau{at}biomemb.u-bordeaux2.fr).

[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.091496

* Corresponding author; e-mail pmoreau{at}biomemb.u-bordeaux2.fr; fax 33–5–56–51–83–61.

Received October 18, 2006; accepted November 10, 2006; published November 17, 2006.




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