Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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First published online November 17, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.090928

Plant Physiology 143:487-494 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists

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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Cold Transiently Activates Calcium-Permeable Channels in Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells1,[W]

Armando Carpaneto, Natalya Ivashikina, Victor Levchenko, Elzbieta Krol, Elena Jeworutzki, Jian-Kang Zhu and Rainer Hedrich*

Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Wurzburg University, 97082 Wurzburg, Germany (A.C., N.I., V.L., E.K., E.J., R.H.); Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy (A.C.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, Wales, United Kingdom (N.I.); Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20–033 Lublin, Poland (E.K.); and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (J.-K.Z.)

Living organisms are capable of discriminating thermal stimuli from noxious cold to noxious heat. For more than 30 years, it has been known that plant cells respond to cold with a large and transient depolarization. Recently, using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing the calcium-sensitive protein aequorin, an increase in cytosolic calcium following cold treatment was observed. Applying the patch-clamp technique to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, we could identify a transient plasma membrane conductance induced by rapid cooling. This cold-induced transient conductance was characterized as an outward rectifying 33 pS nonselective cation channel. The permeability ratio between calcium and cesium was 0.7, pointing to a permeation pore >3.34 Å (ø of cesium). Our experiments thus provide direct evidence for the predicted but not yet measured cold-activated calcium-permeable channel in plants.

1 This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants to R.H.), by SFB 576 (short-term stipend to E.K.), and by Alexander von Humboldt (stipend to A.C.).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Rainer Hedrich (hedrich{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de).

[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.090928

* Corresponding author; e-mail hedrich{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de; fax 49–931–8886157.

Received October 9, 2006; accepted November 7, 2006; published November 17, 2006.

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