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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Abscisic Acid Antagonizes Ethylene-Induced Hyponastic Growth in Arabidopsis^1,[OA]

Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Ethylene induces enhanced differential growth in petioles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), resulting in an upward movement of the leaf blades (hyponastic growth). The amplitude of this effect differs between accessions, with Columbia-0 (Col-0) showing a large response, while in Landsberg erecta (Ler), hyponastic growth is minimal. Abscisic acid (ABA) was found to act as an inhibitory factor of this response in both accessions, but the relationship between ethylene and ABA differed between the two; the ability of ABA to inhibit ethylene-induced hyponasty was significantly more pronounced in Col-0. Mutations in ABI1 or ABI3 induced a strong ethylene-regulated hyponastic growth in the less responsive accession Ler, while the response was abolished in the ABA-hypersensitive era1 in Col-0. Modifications in ABA levels altered petiole angles in the absence of applied ethylene, indicating that ABA influences petiole angles also independently from ethylene. A model is proposed whereby the negative effect of ABA on hyponastic growth is overcome by ethylene in Col-0 but not in Ler. However, when ABA signaling is artificially released in Ler, this regulatory mechanism is bypassed, resulting in a strong hyponastic response in this accession.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

³ Present address: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Anton J.M. Peeters (a.j.m.peeters{at}bio.uu.nl).

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.092700

^* Corresponding author; e-mail a.j.m.peeters{at}bio.uu.nl; fax 31–30–2518366.

Received November 6, 2006; accepted December 3, 2006; published December 8, 2006.

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