First published online December 22, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.090035
Plant Physiology 143:866-875 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
Silverleaf Whitefly Induces Salicylic Acid Defenses and Suppresses Effectual Jasmonic Acid Defenses1,[W],[OA]
Sonia I. Zarate2,
Louisa A. Kempema2 and
Linda L. Walling*
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521–0124
The basal defenses important in curtailing the development of the phloem-feeding silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci type B; SLWF) on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were investigated. Sentinel defense gene RNAs were monitored in SLWF-infested and control plants. Salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene transcripts accumulated locally (PR1, BGL2, PR5, SID2, EDS5, PAD4) and systemically (PR1, BGL2, PR5) during SLWF nymph feeding. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-dependent RNAs (PDF1.2, VSP1, HEL, THI2.1, FAD3, ERS1, ERF1) were repressed or not modulated in SLWF-infested leaves. To test for a role of SA and JA pathways in basal defense, SLWF development on mutant and transgenic lines that constitutively activate or impair defense pathways was determined. By monitoring the percentage of SLWF nymphs in each instar, we show that mutants that activate SA defenses (cim10) or impair JA defenses (coi1) accelerated SLWF nymphal development. Reciprocally, mutants that activate JA defenses (cev1) or impair SA defenses (npr1, NahG) slowed SLWF nymphal development. Furthermore, when npr1 plants, which do not activate downstream SA defenses, were treated with methyl jasmonate, a dramatic delay in nymph development was observed. Collectively, these results showed that SLWF-repressed, JA-regulated defenses were associated with basal defense to the SLWF.
1 This work was supported in part by the California Agricultural Experiment Station, the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service award no. 99–35301–8077 to L.L.W.), and the Southwest Consortium (grant to L.L.W. and G. Thompson [University of Arkansas]). A Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need fellowship (DE P200A030254 to R. Cardullo, Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside) provided partial support for L.A.K. A National Science Foundation predoctoral fellowship provided partial support to S.I.Z.
2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Linda L. Walling (linda.walling{at}ucr.edu).
[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.090035
* Corresponding author; e-mail linda.walling{at}ucr.edu; fax 951–827–4437.
Received September 20, 2006;
accepted December 15, 2006;
published December 22, 2006.
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