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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Affords Protection against Pathogens in Arabidopsis, Both Locally and Systemically^1,[W],[OA]

Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Plantes, Université Jules Verne-Picardie Sciences, 80039 Amiens cedex, France (C.R.); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain (M.C.E., M.D., M.C.M.); and Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom (M.C.)

Nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are widespread signaling molecules that regulate immunity in animals and plants. Levels of SNOs in vivo are controlled by nitric oxide synthesis (which in plants is achieved by different routes) and by S-nitrosoglutathione turnover, which is mainly performed by the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). GSNOR is encoded by a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Martínez et al., 1996; Sakamoto et al., 2002). We report here that transgenic plants with decreased amounts of GSNOR (using antisense strategy) show enhanced basal resistance against Peronospora parasitica Noco2 (oomycete), which correlates with higher levels of intracellular SNOs and constitutive activation of the pathogenesis-related gene, PR-1. Moreover, systemic acquired resistance is impaired in plants overexpressing GSNOR and enhanced in the antisense plants, and this correlates with changes in the SNO content both in local and systemic leaves. We also show that GSNOR is localized in the phloem and, thus, could regulate systemic acquired resistance signal transport through the vascular system. Our data corroborate the data from other authors that GSNOR controls SNO in vivo levels, and shows that SNO content positively influences plant basal resistance and resistance-gene-mediated resistance as well. These data highlight GSNOR as an important and widely utilized component of resistance protein signaling networks conserved in animals and plants.

² Present address: EEPF "Indio Hatuey," Universidad de Matanzas, 44280 Perico (Matanzas), Cuba.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: M. Carmen Martínez (carmen.martinez{at}uab.es).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

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www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.091686

^* Corresponding author; e-mail carmen.martinez{at}uab.es; fax 34–93–5813422.

Received October 22, 2006; accepted January 20, 2007; published February 2, 2007.

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