OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

This Article Free via Open Access: OA OA Full Text Full Text (PDF) OA All Versions of this Article: 144/1/258    most recent pp.107.098665v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Web of Science (17) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yamakawa, H. Articles by Yamaguchi, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yamakawa, H. Articles by Yamaguchi, T. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Agricola Articles by Yamakawa, H. Articles by Yamaguchi, T.

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Comprehensive Expression Profiling of Rice Grain Filling-Related Genes under High Temperature Using DNA Microarray^[OA]

National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata 943–0193, Japan

To elucidate the effect of high temperature on grain-filling metabolism, developing rice (Oryza sativa) ‘Nipponbare’ caryopses were exposed to high temperature (33°C/28°C) or control temperature (25°C/20°C) during the milky stage. Comprehensive gene screening by a 22-K DNA microarray and differential hybridization, followed by expression analysis by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, revealed that several starch synthesis-related genes, such as granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and branching enzymes, especially BEIIb, and a cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase gene were down-regulated by high temperature, whereas those for starch-consuming -amylases and heat shock proteins were up-regulated. Biochemical analyses of starch showed that the high temperature-ripened grains contained decreased levels of amylose and long chain-enriched amylopectin, which might be attributed to the repressed expression of GBSSI and BEIIb, respectively. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of storage proteins revealed decreased accumulation of 13-kD prolamin, which is consistent with the diminished expression of prolamin genes under elevated temperature. Ripening under high temperature resulted in the occurrence of grains with various degrees of chalky appearance and decreased weight. Among them, severely chalky grains contained amylopectin enriched particularly with long chains compared to slightly chalky grains, suggesting that such alterations of amylopectin structure might be involved in grain chalkiness. However, among high temperature-tolerant and sensitive cultivars, alterations of neither amylopectin chain-length distribution nor amylose content were correlated to the degree of grain chalkiness, but rather seemed to be correlated to grain weight decrease, implying different underlying mechanisms for the varietal difference in grain chalkiness. The possible metabolic pathways affected by high temperature and their relevance to grain chalkiness are discussed.

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.098665

^* Corresponding author; e-mail hy741220{at}affrc.go.jp; fax 81–25–524–8578.

Received February 27, 2007; accepted March 12, 2007; published March 23, 2007.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. S. Kamara, M. Hoshino, Y. Satoh, N. Nayar, M. Takaoka, T. Sasanuma, and T. Abe Japanese Sake-Brewing Rice Cultivars Show High Levels of Globulin-like Protein and a Chloroplast Stromal HSP70 Crop Sci., October 22, 2009; 49(6): 2198 - 2206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-H. Xu and J. Messing Organization of the prolamin gene family provides insight into the evolution of the maize genome and gene duplications in grass species PNAS, September 23, 2008; 105(38): 14330 - 14335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. K. Agrawal, M. Hajduch, K. Graham, and J. J. Thelen In-Depth Investigation of the Soybean Seed-Filling Proteome and Comparison with a Parallel Study of Rapeseed Plant Physiology, September 1, 2008; 148(1): 504 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]