First published online April 20, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.098558
Plant Physiology 144:1000-1011 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
barren inflorescence2 Encodes a Co-Ortholog of the PINOID Serine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize1,[C],[W],[OA]
Paula McSteen*,
Simon Malcomber2,
Andrea Skirpan,
China Lunde,
Xianting Wu,
Elizabeth Kellogg and
Sarah Hake
Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (P.M., A.S., X.W.); Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710 (P.M., C.L., S.H.); and Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 (S.M., E.K.)
Organogenesis in plants is controlled by meristems. Axillary meristems, which give rise to branches and flowers, play a critical role in plant architecture and reproduction. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) have additional types of axillary meristems in the inflorescence compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and thus provide an excellent model system to study axillary meristem initiation. Previously, we characterized the barren inflorescence2 (bif2) mutant in maize and showed that bif2 plays a key role in axillary meristem and lateral primordia initiation in the inflorescence. In this article, we cloned bif2 by transposon tagging. Isolation of bif2-like genes from seven other grasses, along with phylogenetic analysis, showed that bif2 is a co-ortholog of PINOID (PID), which regulates auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis showed that bif2 is expressed in all axillary meristems and lateral primordia during inflorescence and vegetative development in maize and rice. Further phenotypic analysis of bif2 mutants in maize illustrates additional roles of bif2 during vegetative development. We propose that bif2/PID sequence and expression are conserved between grasses and Arabidopsis, attesting to the important role they play in development. We provide further support that bif2, and by analogy PID, is required for initiation of both axillary meristems and lateral primordia.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI–0110189 to S.H. and E.K. and grant no. IBN–0416616 to P.M.).
2 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Road, Long Beach, CA 90840.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Paula McSteen (pcm11{at}psu.edu).
[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in print.
[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.098558
* Corresponding author; e-mail pcm11{at}psu.edu; fax 814–865–9131.
Received February 26, 2007;
accepted April 11, 2007;
published April 20, 2007.
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