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Impacts of T-Phylloplanin Gene Knockdown and of Helianthus and Datura Phylloplanins on Peronospora tabacina Spore Germination and Disease Potential^1,[OA]

Plant Biology Program, Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (A.B.K., G.J.W.); and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (R.W.S.)

T-phylloplanin proteins secreted to aerial surfaces of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by short procumbent trichomes inhibit spore germination and blue mold disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina. Many other plants were found to contain water-washed leaf surface proteins (phylloplanins), but the functions and properties of these are not known. Here we extend earlier evidence for the antifungal activity of T-phylloplanins using a reverse genetics approach. RNA interference of the T-phylloplanin gene in tobacco ‘T.I. 1068’ resulted in loss of T-phylloplanin mRNA and protein, loss of in vitro spore germination inhibition activity, and leaf infection inhibition activity of leaf water washes from RNA interference plants, and young knockdown plants were susceptible to disease. The glycoprotein character, adaxial-leaf-surface enrichment of, and renewability of T-phylloplanins are also described. We also report that leaf water washes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and jimson weed (Datura metel), but not soybean (Glycine max), like that of tobacco, possess ProteinaseK- and boiling-sensitive P. tabacina spore germination and tobacco leaf infection inhibition activities. Results establish that T-phylloplaninins of tobacco are active in P. tabacina inhibition, and indicate that leaf surface proteins of certain non-Nicotiana species that are not susceptible to P. tabacina disease can inhibit germination of spores of this oomycete pathogen and inhibit tobacco leaf infection by this pathogen.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: George J. Wagner (gwagner{at}uky.edu).

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www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.097584

^* Corresponding author; e-mail gwagner{at}uky.edu; fax 859–323–1077.

Received February 7, 2007; accepted May 24, 2007; published June 15, 2007.

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