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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Auxin Influx Activity Is Associated with Frankia Infection during Actinorhizal Nodule Formation in Casuarina glauca^{1,[C],[W],[OA]}

Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (SupAgro Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier II), Equipe Rhizogenèse, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France (B.P., L.J., G.D., F.A., M.C., C.S., V.H., C.F., D.B., L.L.); and Division of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (R.S., M.B.)

Plants from the Casuarinaceae family enter symbiosis with the actinomycete Frankia leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We observed that application of the auxin influx inhibitor 1-naphtoxyacetic acid perturbs actinorhizal nodule formation. This suggests a potential role for auxin influx carriers in the infection process. We therefore isolated and characterized homologs of the auxin influx carrier (AUX1-LAX) genes in Casuarina glauca. Two members of this family were found to share high levels of deduced protein sequence identity with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AUX-LAX proteins. Complementation of the Arabidopsis aux1 mutant revealed that one of them is functionally equivalent to AUX1 and was named CgAUX1. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of CgAUX1 promoter:-glucuronidase reporter was analyzed in Casuarinaceae. We observed that CgAUX1 was expressed in plant cells infected by Frankia throughout the course of actinorhizal nodule formation. Our data suggest that auxin plays an important role during plant cell infection in actinorhizal symbioses.

² Present address: Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Technologie Park 927, B–9052 Gent, Belgium.

³ Present address: Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Laurent Laplaze (laplaze{at}mpl.ird.fr).

^[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition.

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.101337

^* Corresponding author; e-mail laplaze{at}mpl.ird.fr; fax 33–467416222.

Received April 24, 2007; accepted May 29, 2007; published June 7, 2007.

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