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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Posttranscriptional Regulation of High-Affinity Sulfate Transporters in Arabidopsis by Sulfur Nutrition^1,[OA]

RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230–0045, Japan (N.Y., E.I., A.W.-T., K.S., H.T.); and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263–8522, Japan (K.S.)

High-affinity sulfate transporters SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are expressed at epidermis and cortex of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots during sulfur limitation. Here, we report that SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are two essential components of the sulfate uptake system in roots and are regulated at posttranscriptional levels together with the previously reported transcriptional control. Double knockout of SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 by T-DNA insertion gene disruption resulted in complete lack of sulfate uptake capacity and severely affected plant growth under low-sulfur conditions. Expression of epitope-tagged proteins SULTR1;1mycHis and SULTR1;2mycHis, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, rescued the uptake of sulfate and the growth of the sultr1;1 sultr1;2 double knockout mutant. The recovery of the double knockout phenotypes was attributable to the posttranscriptional accumulation of sulfate transporter proteins that derive from the epitope-tagged transgenic constructs. Both SULTR1;1mycHis and SUTLR1;2mycHis mRNAs were predominantly found in roots and slightly induced by long-term sulfur limitation. SULTR1;1mycHis and SULTR1;2mycHis proteins were found exclusively in roots, and significantly accumulated by sulfur limitation, correlating with the induction of sulfate uptake activities. In the time course of short-term sulfate starvation treatment, SULTR1;1mycHis and SULTR1;2mycHis proteins were significantly accumulated during the 8- to 72-h period, causing substantial induction of sulfate uptake activities, while their corresponding mRNAs were expressed constantly around the initial levels, except for the transient induction in the first 2 h. This study suggested the importance of root-specific and sulfur deficiency-inducible accumulation of SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 sulfate transporter proteins for the acquisition of sulfate from low-sulfur environment.

² Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1–33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263–8522, Japan.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Hideki Takahashi (hideki{at}riken.jp).

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.105742

^* Corresponding author; e-mail hideki{at}riken.jp.

Received July 18, 2007; accepted August 22, 2007; published August 24, 2007.

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