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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Ethylene Is One of the Key Elements for Cell Death and Defense Response Control in the Arabidopsis Lesion Mimic Mutant vad1^1,[W]

Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR INRA/CNRS 441/2594, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France (O.B., C.H., D.R., C.B.); and Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH–1015 Lausanne, Switzerland (S.L.)

Although ethylene is involved in the complex cross talk of signaling pathways regulating plant defense responses to microbial attack, its functions remain to be elucidated. The lesion mimic mutant vad1-1 (for vascular associated death), which exhibits the light-conditional appearance of propagative hypersensitive response-like lesions along the vascular system, is a good model for studying the role of ethylene in programmed cell death and defense. Here, we demonstrate that expression of genes associated with ethylene synthesis and signaling is enhanced in vad1-1 under lesion-promoting conditions and after plant-pathogen interaction. Analyses of the progeny from crosses between vad1-1 plants and either 35S::ERF1 transgenic plants or ein2-1, ein3-1, ein4-1, ctr1-1, or eto2-1 mutants revealed that the vad1-1 cell death and defense phenotypes are dependent on ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. In contrast, whereas vad1-1-dependent increased resistance was abolished by ein2, ein3, and ein4 mutations, positive regulation of ethylene biosynthesis (eto2-1) or ethylene responses (35S::ERF1) did not exacerbate this phenotype. In addition, VAD1 expression in response to a hypersensitive response-inducing bacterial pathogen is dependent on ethylene perception and signaling. These results, together with previous data, suggest that VAD1 could act as an integrative node in hormonal signaling, with ethylene acting in concert with salicylic acid as a positive regulator of cell death propagation.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Claudine Balagué (claudine.balague{at}toulouse.inra.fr).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.106302

^* Corresponding author; e-mail claudine.balague{at}toulouse.inra.fr.

Received July 26, 2007; accepted August 14, 2007; published August 24, 2007.

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