Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

First published online October 26, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.107953

Plant Physiology 145:1703-1713 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists

OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
This Article
Free via Open Access: OA
Right arrow OA Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrowOA All Versions of this Article:
145/4/1703    most recent
pp.107.107953v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Related articles in Plant Physiol.
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (5)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by López-Bucio, J.
Right arrow Articles by Herrera-Estrella, L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by López-Bucio, J.
Right arrow Articles by Herrera-Estrella, L.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by López-Bucio, J.
Right arrow Articles by Herrera-Estrella, L.
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Cytokinin Receptors Are Involved in Alkamide Regulation of Root and Shoot Development in Arabidopsis1,[C],[OA]

José López-Bucio*, Mayra Millán-Godínez, Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, Alina Morquecho-Contreras, Enrique Ramírez-Chávez, Jorge Molina-Torres, Anahí Pérez-Torres, Masayuki Higuchi, Tatsuo Kakimoto and Luis Herrera-Estrella

Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico (J.L.-B., M.M.-G., A.M.-B., A.M.-C.); Unidad Irapuato, Cinvestav-Guanajuato Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, CP 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico (E.R.-C., J.M.-T., A.P.-T.); Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan (M.H., T.K.); and Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav-Guanajuato Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, CP 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico (L.H.-E.)

Alkamides and N-acilethanolamides are a class of lipid compounds related to animal endocannabinoids of wide distribution in plants. We investigated the structural features required for alkamides to regulate plant development by comparing the root responses of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to a range of natural and synthetic compounds. The length of the acyl chain and the amide moiety were found to play a crucial role in their biological activity. From the different compounds tested, N-isobutyl decanamide, a small saturated alkamide, was found to be the most active in regulating primary root growth and lateral root formation. Proliferative-promoting activity of alkamide treatment was evidenced by formation of callus-like structures in primary roots, ectopic blades along petioles of rosette leaves, and disorganized tumorous tissue originating from the leaf lamina. Ectopic organ formation by N-isobutyl decanamide treatment was related to altered expression of the cell division marker CycB1:uidA and an enhanced expression of the cytokinin-inducible marker ARR5:uidA both in roots and in shoots. The involvement of cytokinins in mediating the observed activity of alkamides was tested using Arabidopsis mutants lacking one, two, or three of the putative cytokinin receptors CRE1, AHK2, and AHK3. The triple cytokinin receptor mutant was insensitive to N-isobutyl decanamide treatment, showing absence of callus-like structures in roots, the lack of lateral root proliferation, and absence of ectopic outgrowths in leaves under elevated levels of this alkamide. Taken together our results suggest that alkamides and N-acylethanolamides may belong to a class of endogenous signaling compounds that interact with a cytokinin-signaling pathway to control meristematic activity and differentiation processes during plant development.

1 This work was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (grant no. Nbr55003677), the European Commission (grant no. ICA–4–CT2000–30017), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant no. C02–43978/330), and Consejo Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant no. CB0702110–0).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: José López-Bucio (jbucio{at}zeus.umich.mx).

[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition.

[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.107953

* Corresponding author; e-mail jbucio{at}zeus.umich.mx.

Received August 22, 2007; accepted October 19, 2007; published October 26, 2007.


Related articles in Plant Physiol.:

On the Inside
Peter V. Minorsky
Plant Physiol. 2007 145: 1301-1302. [Full Text]  





HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASPB Publications PLANT PHYSIOLOGY® THE PLANT CELL
Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Plant Biologists