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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Powdery Mildew Induces Defense-Oriented Reprogramming of the Transcriptome in a Susceptible But Not in a Resistant Grapevine^1,[W],[OA]

Department of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711 (R.W.M.F., C.F., L.G.K., Y.H., W.Q.); Departamento de Investigación Trigo, Nidera S.A., (7607) Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.G.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (E.M., D.P.S.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (L.M.M.)

Grapevines exhibit a wide spectrum of resistance to the powdery mildew fungus (PM), Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr., but little is known about the transcriptional basis of the defense to PM. Our microscopic observations showed that PM produced less hyphal growth and induced more brown-colored epidermal cells on leaves of PM-resistant Vitis aestivalis ‘Norton’ than on leaves of PM-susceptible Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet sauvignon’. We found that endogenous salicylic acid levels were higher in V. aestivalis than in V. vinifera in the absence of the fungus and that salicylic acid levels increased in V. vinifera at 120 h postinoculation with PM. To test the hypothesis that gene expression differences would be apparent when V. aestivalis and V. vinifera were mounting a response to PM, we conducted a comprehensive Vitis GeneChip analysis. We examined the transcriptome at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postinoculation with PM. We found only three PM-responsive transcripts in V. aestivalis and 625 in V. vinifera. There was a significant increase in the abundance of transcripts encoding ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, WRKY, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED10, and stilbene synthase in PM-infected V. vinifera, suggesting an induction of the basal defense response. The overall changes in the PM-responsive V. vinifera transcriptome also indicated a possible reprogramming of metabolism toward the increased synthesis of the secondary metabolites. These results suggested that resistance to PM in V. aestivalis was not associated with overall reprogramming of the transcriptome. However, PM induced defense-oriented transcriptional changes in V. vinifera.

² Present address: Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Pecs, 7601 Pecs, Hungary.

³ Present address: Department of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Wenping Qiu (wenpingqiu{at}missouristate.edu).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.107.108712

^* Corresponding author; e-mail wenpingqiu{at}missouristate.edu.

Received September 5, 2007; accepted November 1, 2007; published November 9, 2007.

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On the Inside

Peter V. Minorsky
Plant Physiol. 2008 146: 1-2. [Full Text]