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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

RETARDED GROWTH OF EMBRYO1, a New Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Expresses in Endosperm to Control Embryo Growth^1,[W]

Plant Functional Genomics Research Team, Plant Functional Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1–7–22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan (Y.K., M.N., M.K., T.I., T.Y., K.S., A.I., M.M.); and Valway Technology Center, NEC Soft Co. Ltd., 1–18–7 Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136–8627, Japan (T.K., R.M., S.M.)

We have isolated two dominant mutants from screening approximately 50,000 RIKEN activation-tagging lines that have short inflorescence internodes. The activation T-DNAs were inserted near a putative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene and expression of this gene was increased in the mutant lines. Overexpression of this bHLH gene produced the original mutant phenotype, indicating it was responsible for the mutants. Specific expression was observed during seed development. The loss-of-function mutation of the RETARDED GROWTH OF EMBRYO1 (RGE1) gene caused small and shriveled seeds. The embryo of the loss-of-function mutant showed retarded growth after the heart stage although abnormal morphogenesis and pattern formation of the embryo and endosperm was not observed. We named this bHLH gene RGE1. RGE1 expression was determined in endosperm cells using the β-glucuronidase reporter gene and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed specific down-regulation of putative GDSL motif lipase genes in the rge1-1 mutant, indicating possible involvement of these genes in seed morphology. These data suggest that RGE1 expression in the endosperm at the heart stage of embryo development plays an important role in controlling embryo growth.

² These authors contributed equally to the article.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Minami Matsui (minami{at}riken.jp).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.118364

^* Corresponding author; e-mail minami{at}riken.jp.

Received February 25, 2008; accepted June 2, 2008; published June 20, 2008.

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