This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: 148/1/212    most recent pp.108.120006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Web of Science (10) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Qiu, J.-L. Articles by Morris, P. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Qiu, J.-L. Articles by Morris, P. C. Pubmed/NCBI databases Domain Gene GEO DataSet GEO Profiles HomoloGene UniGene Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB CYCLOPENTANE ETHYLENE SALICYLIC ACID Agricola Articles by Qiu, J.-L. Articles by Morris, P. C.

CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases MKK1 and MKK2 Have Overlapping Functions in Defense Signaling Mediated by MEKK1, MPK4, and MKS1^1,[W]

Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark (J.-L.Q., B.K.F., K.P., J. Mundy); Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom (L.Z., J. MacKinlay, P.C.M.); Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, United Kingdom (B.-W.Y., G.J.L.); and Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK–2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (H.B.N.)

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MKK1 and MKK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases have been implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses as part of a signaling cascade including MEKK1 and MPK4. Here, the double loss-of-function mutant (mkk1/2) of MKK1 and MKK2 is shown to have marked phenotypes in development and disease resistance similar to those of the single mekk1 and mpk4 mutants. Because mkk1 or mkk2 single mutants appear wild type, basal levels of MPK4 activity are not impaired in them, and MKK1 and MKK2 are in part functionally redundant in unchallenged plants. These findings are confirmed and extended by biochemical and molecular analyses implicating the kinases in jasmonate- and salicylate-dependent defense responses, mediated in part via the MPK4 substrate MKS1. In addition, transcriptome analyses delineate overlapping and specific effects of the kinases on global gene expression patterns demonstrating both redundant and unique functions for MKK1 and MKK2.

² These authors contributed equally to the article.

³ Present address: Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 2500 Valby, Denmark.

⁴ Present address: NWCRF Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Peter C. Morris (p.c.morris{at}hw.ac.uk).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.120006

^* Corresponding author; e-mail p.c.morris{at}hw.ac.uk.

Received March 28, 2008; accepted June 27, 2008; published July 3, 2008.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Bartels, J. C. Anderson, M. A. Gonzalez Besteiro, A. Carreri, H. Hirt, A. Buchala, J.-P. Metraux, S. C. Peck, and R. Ulm MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 and PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE1 Are Repressors of Salicylic Acid Synthesis and SNC1-Mediated Responses in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, September 1, 2009; 21(9): 2884 - 2897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Chen, L. Xue, S. Chintamanani, H. Germain, H. Lin, H. Cui, R. Cai, J. Zuo, X. Tang, X. Li, et al. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 Repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 Expression to Negatively Regulate Plant Innate Immunity in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, August 1, 2009; 21(8): 2527 - 2540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Nicaise, M. Roux, and C. Zipfel Recent Advances in PAMP-Triggered Immunity against Bacteria: Pattern Recognition Receptors Watch over and Raise the Alarm Plant Physiology, August 1, 2009; 150(4): 1638 - 1647. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Pitzschke, A. Djamei, F. Bitton, and H. Hirt A Major Role of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 Pathway in ROS Signalling Mol Plant, January 6, 2009; (2009) ssn079v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]