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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE REGULATION

Transcriptional Profiling of Mature Arabidopsis Trichomes Reveals That NOECK Encodes the MIXTA-Like Transcriptional Regulator MYB106^{1,[C],[W],[OA]}

University of Cologne, Department of Botany III, University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Max-Delbrück-Laboratorium, 50829 Cologne, Germany (M.J.J., D.F., A.S.); Institute of Stem Cell Research, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, D–85764 Neuherberg, Germany (M.T.M.); Louisiana State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (G.B., J.L.); VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium (E.W.); University of Cologne, Department of Botany III, 50931 Cologne, Germany (N.P., M.H.); University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, United Kingdom (A.H.); and Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg, France (A.S.)

Leaf hairs (trichomes) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been extensively used as a model to address general questions in cell and developmental biology. Here, we lay the foundation for a systems-level understanding of the biology of this model cell type by performing genome-wide gene expression analyses. We have identified 3,231 genes that are up-regulated in mature trichomes relative to leaves without trichomes, and we compared wild-type trichomes with two mutants, glabra3 and triptychon, that affect trichome morphology and physiology in contrasting ways. We found that cell wall-related transcripts were particularly overrepresented in trichomes, consistent with their highly elaborated structure. In addition, trichome expression maps revealed high activities of anthocyanin, flavonoid, and glucosinolate pathways, indicative of the roles of trichomes in the biosynthesis of secondary compounds and defense. Interspecies comparisons revealed that Arabidopsis trichomes share many expressed genes with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers, making them an attractive model to study industrially important fibers. In addition to identifying physiological processes involved in the development of a specific cell type, we also demonstrated the utility of transcript profiling for identifying and analyzing regulatory gene function. One of the genes that are differentially expressed in fibers is the MYB transcription factor GhMYB25. A combination of transcript profiling and map-based cloning revealed that the NOECK gene of Arabidopsis encodes AtMYB106, a MIXTA-like transcription factor and homolog of cotton GhMYB25. However, in contrast to Antirrhinum, in which MIXTA promotes epidermal cell outgrowth, AtMYB106 appears to function as a repressor of cell outgrowth in Arabidopsis.

² Present address: University of Cologne, Department of Botany III, Gyrhofstrasse 15, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

³ Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.

⁴ Present address: MEDIDATA GmbH, Max-Stromeyer-Strasse 166, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Arp Schnittger (arp.schnittger{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr).

^[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition.

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.126979

^* Corresponding author; e-mail arp.schnittger{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr.

Received August 1, 2008; accepted September 17, 2008; published September 19, 2008.

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