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BIOENERGETICS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Characterization of Arabidopsis Lines Deficient in GAPC-1, a Cytosolic NAD-Dependent Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase^1,[C]

Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, CONICET/UNSAM, 7130, Chascomús, Argentina (S.P.R., D.F.G.-C.); Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina (P.C.); and Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina (A.A.I.)

Phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (GAPC-1) is a highly conserved cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-P to 1,3-bis-phosphoglycerate; besides its participation in glycolysis, it is thought to be involved in additional cellular functions. To reach an integrative view on the many roles played by this enzyme, we characterized a homozygous gapc-1 null mutant and an as-GAPC1 line of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both mutant plant lines show a delay in growth, morphological alterations in siliques, and low seed number. Embryo development was altered, showing abortions and empty embryonic sacs in basal and apical siliques, respectively. The gapc-1 line shows a decrease in ATP levels and reduced respiratory rate. Furthermore, both lines exhibit a decrease in the expression and activity of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase and reduced levels of pyruvate and several Krebs cycle intermediates, as well as increased reactive oxygen species levels. Transcriptome analysis of the gapc-1 mutants unveils a differential accumulation of transcripts encoding for enzymes involved in carbon partitioning. According to these studies, some enzymes involved in carbon flux decreased (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, NAD-malic enzyme, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase) or increased (NAD-malate dehydrogenase) their activities compared to the wild-type line. Taken together, our data indicate that a deficiency in the cytosolic GAPC activity results in modifications of carbon flux and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an alteration of plant and embryo development with decreased number of seeds, indicating that GAPC-1 is essential for normal fertility in Arabidopsis plants.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors is: Diego F. Gomez-Casati (diego.gomezcasati{at}intech.gov.ar).

^[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.128769

^* Corresponding author; e-mail diego.gomezcasati{at}intech.gov.ar.

Received August 30, 2008; accepted September 22, 2008; published September 26, 2008.

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