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First published online October 31, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.131540

Plant Physiology 149:306-317 (2009)
© 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists

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Antiquity and Function of CASTOR and POLLUX, the Twin Ion Channel-Encoding Genes Key to the Evolution of Root Symbioses in Plants1,[W],[OA]

Caiyan Chen, Cui Fan, Muqiang Gao and Hongyan Zhu*

Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546

Root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria share a common signaling pathway in legumes. Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX, the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins. Here, we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes. Using rice (Oryza sativa) as a study system, we employ reverse genetic tools (knockout mutants and RNA interference) to demonstrate that Os-CASTOR and Os-POLLUX are indispensable for mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. Furthermore, a cross-species complementation test indicates that Os-POLLUX can restore nodulation, but not rhizobial infection, to a Medicago truncatula dmi1 mutant.

1 This work was supported by the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation (grant to H.Z.) and by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. IOS 0640197 to H.Z.).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Hongyan Zhu (hzhu4{at}uky.edu).

[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

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www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.131540

* Corresponding author; e-mail hzhu4{at}uky.edu.

Received October 21, 2008; accepted October 28, 2008; published October 31, 2008.


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