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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Detection of Spatial-Specific Phytochrome Responses Using Targeted Expression of Biliverdin Reductase in Arabidopsis^1,[OA]

Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory (S.N.W., B.L.M.), Genetics Graduate Program (S.N.W., B.L.M.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.L.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1312

To regulate levels of holophytochrome in a spatial-specific manner and investigate the major sites of action of phytochromes during seedling development, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant lines expressing plastid-targeted mammalian biliverdin IX reductase (pBVR) under regulatory control of CAB3 and MERI5 promoters. Comparative photobiological and phenotypic analyses indicated that spatial-specific expression of pBVR led to the disruption of distinct subsets of phytochrome-regulated responses for different promoters. pBVR expression in photosynthetic tissues (CAB3::pBVR lines) had intermediate effects on chlorophyll accumulation, carotenoid production, anthocyanin synthesis, and leaf development responses in white-light conditions. CAB3::pBVR expression, however, resulted in distinctive phenotypes in far-red (FR) conditions. A number of FR high irradiance responses were disrupted in CAB::pBVR lines, including FR-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation. By contrast, preferential expression of pBVR in the shoot apical meristem in MERI5::pBVR lines resulted in a phytochrome-deficient, leaf development phenotype under short-day growth conditions. These results implicate leaf-localized phytochrome A as having a unique role in regulating FR-mediated hypocotyl elongation and meristem- and/or leaf primordia-localized phytochromes as having a novel role in phytochrome-dependent responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of selectively inactivating distinct phytochrome-mediated responses by regulated expression of BVR in transgenic plants, a novel means to investigate the sites of phytochrome photoperception and to regulate specifically light-mediated plant growth and development.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Beronda L. Montgomery (montg133{at}msu.edu).

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www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.127050

^* Corresponding author; e-mail montg133{at}msu.edu.

Received July 25, 2008; accepted October 26, 2008; published October 29, 2008.

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