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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

The Temperature-Sensitive brush Mutant of the Legume Lotus japonicus Reveals a Link between Root Development and Nodule Infection by Rhizobia^[C],[W],[OA]

University of Munich, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany (M.M.-Y., J.M., N.T., T.M., M.G., A.B., M.P.); Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292–0818, Japan (S.S., S.T.); and John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.P., T.L.W.)

The brush mutant of Lotus japonicus exhibits a temperature-dependent impairment in nodule, root, and shoot development. At 26°C, brush formed fewer nodules, most of which were not colonized by rhizobia bacteria. Primary root growth was retarded and the anatomy of the brush root apical meristem revealed distorted cellular organization and reduced cell expansion. Reciprocal grafting of brush with wild-type plants indicated that this genotype only affected the root and that the shoot phenotype was a secondary effect. The root and nodulation phenotype cosegregated as a single Mendelian trait and the BRUSH gene could be mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2. At 18°C, the brush root anatomy was rescued and similar to the wild type, and primary root length, number of infection threads, and nodule formation were partially rescued. Superficially, the brush root phenotype resembled the ethylene-related thick short root syndrome. However, treatment with ethylene inhibitor did not recover the observed phenotypes, although brush primary roots were slightly longer. The defects of brush in root architecture and infection thread development, together with intact nodule architecture and complete absence of symptoms from shoots, suggest that BRUSH affects cellular differentiation in a tissue-dependent way.

² Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan.

³ Present address: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.

The author responsible for the distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Martin Parniske (parniske{at}lmu.de).

^[C] Some figures in this article are displayed in color online but in black and white in the print edition.

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

^[OA] Open access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.135160

^* Corresponding author; e-mail parniske{at}lmu.de.

Received January 1, 2009; accepted January 23, 2009; published January 28, 2009.

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