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First published online April 22, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.137901

Plant Physiology 150:1006-1021 (2009)
© 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists

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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Anatomical and Transcriptomic Studies of the Coleorhiza Reveal the Importance of This Tissue in Regulating Dormancy in Barley1,[W]

José M. Barrero, Mark J. Talbot, Rosemary G. White, John V. Jacobsen and Frank Gubler*

Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia

The decay of seed dormancy during after-ripening is not well understood, but elucidation of the mechanisms involved may be important for developing strategies for modifying dormancy in crop species and, for example, addressing the problem of preharvest sprouting in cereals. We have studied the germination characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Betzes’) embryos, including a description of anatomical changes in the coleorhiza and the enclosed seminal roots. The changes that occur correlate with abscisic acid (ABA) contents of embryo tissues. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy loss, we compared the transcriptome of dormant and after-ripened barley embryos using a tissue-specific microarray approach. Our results indicate that in the coleorhiza, ABA catabolism is promoted and ABA sensitivity is reduced and that this is associated with differential regulation by after-ripening of ABA 8'-hydroxylase and of the LIPID PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE gene family and ABI3-INTERACTING PROTEIN2, respectively. We also identified other processes, including jasmonate responses, cell wall modification, nitrate and nitrite reduction, mRNA stability, and blue light sensitivity, that were affected by after-ripening in the coleorhiza that may be downstream of ABA signaling. Based on these results, we propose that the coleorhiza plays a major role in causing dormancy by acting as a barrier to root emergence and that after-ripening potentiates molecular changes related to ABA metabolism and sensitivity that ultimately lead to degradation of the coleorhiza, root emergence, and germination.

1 This work was supported by the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Frank Gubler (frank.gubler{at}csiro.au).

[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.109.137901

* Corresponding author; e-mail frank.gubler{at}csiro.au.

Received March 3, 2009; accepted April 17, 2009; published April 22, 2009.


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