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Chloroplast Composition and Structure Differences in a Soybean Mutant ¹

C. Freeman Allen^b,2 and Susanne Biggs^b

^a The Charles F. Kettering Research Laboratory, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387, Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711

A nuclear mutation of Glycine max (soybean) segregates 1:2:1 in regard to chlorophyll content. The heterozygous (LG) leaf blade contains about one-half the pigment content of the wild type (DG) per gram fresh weight. A lethal yellow (LY) type contains about 1 to 2% of the DG leaf pigment values. The chlorophyll a/b ratio in the LG is about 5 compared to about 2 in the DG. Protein/leaf values are lower in the LG and LY types when compared to DG. The LG plastid lamellae contain more protein/chlorophyll, cytochromes/chlorophyll, and quinones/chlorophyll than the DG. P₇₀₀/chlorophyll values are similar in the DG and LG types.

The chlorophyll-depleted LG and LY types had less total acyl lipids per leaf weight when compared to the DG type. Similar amounts of sulfolipid and phosphatidyl glycerol per protein residue weight were found in the LG and DG plastids; however, the monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides were reduced in the LG paralleling the chlorophyll depletion.

Thin sections of leaf tissue show similar-sized LG and DG plastids but reduced grana formation in the LG. The LY has very few grana and very small grana compared to either DG or LG. The two characteristic particles revealed in higher plant chloroplasts by freeze-etching are about 15% smaller in the LG compared to the DG plants.

¹ Contribution 399 from the Charles F. Kettering Research Laboratory, Yellow Spr ngs, Ohio 45387. Supported by National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowship FO2-GM-40707 to R. W. K. and in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB-8462 to R. A. D.