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Articles

Dark Release of ¹⁴CO₂ from Higher Plant Leaves ¹

Wilbur H. Campbell^b and C. C. Black, Jr.^b

^a Department of Agronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602

A study was conducted with 48 species of the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ released during the first minute of dark following fixation of ¹⁴CO₂ in the light. Light fixation periods varied from 5 to 60 seconds. The species examined included both monocots and dicots and represented C₄, C₃, and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic types.

Total CO₂ uptake was determined as the sum of soluble ¹⁴C (ethanol and water), insoluble ¹⁴C, and ¹⁴CO₂ released during the first minute of dark. Insoluble ¹⁴C made up a very small percent of the total. The percent of soluble ¹⁴C increased with fixation time in C₄ species, while the percent of ¹⁴CO₂ released in the dark decreased. C₃ species released a very small percent of ¹⁴CO₂ in the dark, and this percent remained relatively constant with time of ¹⁴CO₂ fixation whereas C₄ species released a higher percent initially and this percent declined with time of fixation. CAM species were similar to C₄ species.

The species are grouped according to the ¹⁴CO₂ released during the first minute of dark with light labeling times of 5 and 60 seconds. These comparisons are shown to separate C₃ from C₄ and CAM species. Further, the data suggest that the origin of the CO₂ in the dark release of C₄ plants is quite different from that of C₃ plants.

¹ This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB-7772 and a cooperative agreement with Cotton Incorporated.

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