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Articles

Activation of Protein Synthesis upon Dilution of an Arachis Cell Culture from the Stationary Phase ¹

^a The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Center for Cancer and Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111

When a stationary phase cell culture of Arachis hypogaea L. is diluted into fresh media, there occurs a 10-fold increase in the rate of protein synthesis. The kinetics of the activation of amino acid-incorporating capacity show a lag of 10 to 15 minutes with maximal activity reached at 2 hours after dilution. The activation of protein synthesis is oxygen-dependent and is accompanied by a 2- to 4-fold increase in polyribosome content, as well as by a 3- to 4-fold increase in the rate of mRNA synthesis. Ribosomal function, as ascertained by determination of ribosomal transit time, is about 2.5 times more efficient in 2-hour diluted cultures as in cells immediately after dilution. These observations indicate that a very early response in the transition of plant cell cultures from the stationary state is an increased capacity for protein synthesis. At a molecular level, this increase in protein synthetic capacity is due in part to an increased mobilization of mRNA into polyribosomes and in part to a more efficient ribosomal translational capacity.

¹ This research was supported by United States Public Health Service Grant GM-15122 from the National Institutes of Health and Grant GB-23041 (presently GB-35585X) from the National Science Foundation, as well as by United States Public Health Service Grants CA-06927 and RR-05539 awarded to this Institute and by an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.