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Plant Physiology 53:206-215 (1974)
© 1974 American Society of Plant Biologists

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Articles

Induction of Porphyrin Synthesis in Etiolated Bean Leaves by Chelators of Iron 1,2

Jeffrey Duggan and Merrill Gassman

a Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Illinois 60680

Primary leaves of 7- to 9-day-old etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Red Kidney infiltrated in darkness with aqueous solutions of {alpha}, {alpha}'-dipyridyl, o-phenanthroline, pyridine-2-aldoxime, pyridine-2-aldehyde, 8-hydroxyquinoline, or picolinic acid synthesize large amounts of magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester and lesser amounts of magnesium protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin, and protochlorophyllide. Pigment formation proceeds in a linear manner for up to 21 hours after vacuum infiltration with 10 mM {alpha}, {alpha}'-dipyridyl. Etiolated tissues of Zea mays L., Cucumis sativus L., and Pisum sativum L. respond in the same way to dipyridyl treatment. Compounds active in eliciting this response are aromatic heterocyclic nitrogenous bases which also act as bidentate chelators and form extremely stable complexes with iron; other metal ion chelators, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, salicylaldoxime, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, do not elicit any pigment synthesis. The ferrous, ferric, cobaltous, and zinc chelates of {alpha}, {alpha}'-dipyridyl are similarly ineffective. If levulinic acid is supplied to etiolated bean leaves together with {alpha}, {alpha}'-dipyridyl, porphyrin production is inhibited and {delta}-aminolevulinic acid accumulates in the tissue. Synthesis of porphyrins proceeds in the presence of 450 micrograms per milliliter chloramphenicol or 50 micrograms per milliliter cycloheximide with only partial diminution. We propose that heme or an iron-protein complex blocks the action of the enzyme(s) governing the synthesis of {delta}-aminolevulinic acid in etiolated leaves in the dark and that iron chelators antagonize this inhibition, leading to the biosynthesis of {delta}-aminolevulinic acid and porphyrins.

1 This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB 35627 and by a grant from the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Research Board. Part of these studies were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Section, American Society of Plant Physiologists, August 1973, Lafayette, Ind.

2 These studies form part of a thesis to be submitted by J. D. to the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle in partial fulfillment of requirements for the M.S. degree.




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