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Articles

Studies on the Carbon Dioxide Promotion and Ethylene Inhibition of Tuberization in Potato Explants Cultured in Vitro¹

^a Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92502

Ethylene inhibited the tuberization of etiolated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Red La Soda) sprout sections cultured in vitro. Carbon dioxide did not overcome the C₂H₄ inhibition but it was required for normal tuberization. Ethylene totally prevented root formation and development. It inhibited stolon elongation, and caused thickening and diageotropical growth of the stolon. In addition, C₂H₄ prevented the accumulation of both starch and red anthocyanin which are always present in a tuber. Ethylene also inhibited the kinetin-increased tuberization of sprout sections.

Three to five days of exposure to CO₂ were required to obtain promotion of tuberization of stolons cultured in vitro. Bicarbonate ion did not affect starch synthetase activity isolated from potato tubers in vitro. The evidence presented suggests that CO₂ gas rather than HCO^–₃ or CO^2–₃ ions in equilibrium with dissolved CO₂ was probably responsible for the stimulation. Morphological changes elicited by CO₂ and C₂H₄ are described and the mechanism of action of both on tuberization is discussed.

¹ This paper represents part of the Ph.D. dissertation of A. M. Mingo-Castel.

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