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Articles

Potato Tuber Callus

Validation as a Biochemical Tool ¹

Karon A. Miller^b

Eugene A. Talley^c

^a Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Red River Valley Potato Research Laboratory, East Grand Forks, Minnesota 56721^,3, ^b Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Red River Valley Potato Research Laboratory, East Grand Forks, Minnesota 56721, ^c Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118

Callus was initiated from explants of tubers of the Norchip cultivar of Solanum tuberosum L. and grown on medium with a single carbon source and without addition of coconut milk, protein hydrolysate, or amino acid. Callus samples were harvested at intervals and compared to mature tubers for which there was good biochemical knowledge.

The amino acid spectrum, the glycoalkaloid content, and the properties of the isolated invertase and sucrose synthetase were similar in callus and in tuber. Significantly the level of sucrose synthetase varied with the age of the developing callus just as it did with the age of the developing tuber. Of greater significance, levels of reducing sugars and invertase varied with the age of developing callus and also with time and temperature of storage after the callus has ceased growth. Similar changes occur in intact tubers.

Callus and tuber biochemistry differed in the amount of deposited starch and in the absence of potato invertase inhibitor.

¹ Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota Scientific Journal Series No. 9308.

³ A laboratory cooperatively operated by North Central Region, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; and the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association.