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Articles

Biosynthesis of Wound Ethylene ¹

Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, California 95616

Untreated mung bean hypocotyls produced very little C₂H₄ but, upon treatment with 10 millimolar Cu²⁺ or 10 millimolar Cu²⁺ + 10 millimolar Ca²⁺, C₂H₄ production increased 20- and 40-fold, respectively, within 6 hours. This increase in C₂H₄ production was preceded and paralleled by an increase in 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) content, but the level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was unaffected, suggesting that the conversion of SAM to ACC is a key reaction in the production of wound-induced C₂H₄. This view was further supported by the observation that application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, a known inhibitor of the conversion of SAM to ACC, eliminated the increases in ACC formation and in C₂H₄ production. A significant increase in C₂H₄ production was observed in the albedo tissue of orange in response to excision, and it was paralleled by an increase in ACC content. In columella tissue of unripe green tomato fruit, massive increases in the C₂H₄ production rate (from 0 to 12 nanoliters per gram per hour), in ACC content (from 0.05 to 12 nmoles per gram), and in ACC synthase activity (from 0 to 6.4 units per milligram protein) occurred during the 9-hour incubation period following excision. Infiltration with 0.1 millimolar cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked wound-induced C₂H₄ production, ACC formation, and development of ACC synthase activity. These data indicate that wounding induces the synthesis of ACC synthase, which is the rate-controlling enzyme in the pathway of C₂H₄ biosynthesis and, thereby, causes accumulation of ACC and increase in C₂H₄ production.

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