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Polyamines and Root Formation in Mung Bean Hypocotyl Cuttings ¹

I. Effects of Exogenous Compounds and Changes in Endogenous Polyamine Content

Department of Horticulture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76 100, Israel, Department of Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

The effect of several polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), their precursors (L-arginine and L-ornithine), and some analogs and metabolic inhibitors (L-canavanine, L-canaline, and methylglyoxal-bis [guanylhydrazone]) on root formation have been studied in mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) hypocotyl cuttings.

Exogenously applied polyamines did not promote adventitious root formation. Rooting was inhibited by L-canavanine and L-canaline, and this inhibition was reversed by the corresponding amino acids L-arginine and L-ornithine. Methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and polyamine biosynthesis, was also found to inhibit root formation. All compounds at concentrations of >10^–4 molarity completely inhibited natural root formation, whereas at <10^–5 molarity only the indole-butyric acid-induced root formation was inhibited.

Indole-butyric acid-induced root formation was accompanied by a considerable increase in polyamine levels, more than 2-fold of the control. Whereas senescing (unrooted) cuttings evinced a rapid decline in polyamine content during 48 hours, indole-butyric acid treatment resulted in elevated levels of putrescine and increased putrescine to spermidine ratio. The changes in polyamines were dependent on indole-butyric acid concentration and were organ specific.

¹ This research was supported by a grant from the United States-Israel (Binational) Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD).

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