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Frost Injury and Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Leaves of Tuber-Bearing Solanum Species ¹

Ice Nucleation Activity of External Source of Nucleants

Laboratory of Plant Hardiness, Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

The heterogeneous ice nucleation characteristics and frost injury in supercooled leaves upon ice formation were studied in nonhardened and cold-hardened species and crosses of tuber-bearing Solanum. The ice nucleation activity of the leaves was low at temperatures just below 0°C and further decreased as a result of cold acclimation. In the absence of supercooling, the nonhardened and cold-hardened leaves tolerated extracellular freezing between –3.5° and –8.5°C. However, if ice initiation in the supercooled leaves occurred at any temperature below –2.6°C, the leaves were lethally injured.

To prevent supercooling in these leaves, various nucleants were tested for their ice nucleating ability. One% aqueous suspensions of fluorophlogopite and acetoacetanilide were found to be effective in ice nucleation of the Solanum leaves above –1°C. They had threshold temperatures of –0.7° and –0.8°C, respectively, for freezing in distilled H₂O. Although freezing could be initiated in the Solanum leaves above –1°C with both the nucleants, 1% aqueous fluorophlogopite suspension showed overall higher ice nucleation activity than acetoacetanilide and was nontoxic to the leaves. The cold-hardened leaves survived between –2.5° and –6.5° using 1% aqueous fluorophlogopite suspension as a nucleant. The killing temperatures in the cold-hardened leaves were similar to those determined using ice as a nucleant. However, in the nonhardened leaves, use of fluorophlogopite as a nucleant resulted in lethal injury at higher temperatures than those estimated using ice as a nucleant.

¹ Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 13124 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN.

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