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Host-Pathogen Interactions ¹

XXII. A Galacturonic Acid Oligosaccharide from Plant Cell Walls Elicits Phytoalexins

Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 England

Elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr., cv Wayne) cotyledons were released from soybean cell walls and from citrus pectin by partial acid hydrolysis. These two hydrolysates yielded nearly identical distributions of elicitor activity when fractionated on anion-exchange columns. Chromatography of the pectin elicitor on gel filtration and high-pressure anion-exchange columns did not further purify the elicitor. Elicitor activity of the preparation was lost by treatment with either endo--1,4-polygalacturonase or pectate lyase. Glycosyl residue compositions of the purified elicitors from cell walls and pectin were both found to be approximately 98% galacturonosyl residues. Linkage analysis of the pectin elicitor showed that most, if not all, of the galacturonosyl residues were -1,4-linked. The high-mass molecular ions detected by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of the most active elicitor fractions from cell walls and pectin both corresponded precisely to a molecule composed of 12 galacturonosyl residues. These results suggest that dodeca--1,4-D-galacturonide is the active elicitor, but the possibility remains that the active component could be a slightly modified oligogalacturonide present, but not detected, in the purified fractions.

¹ Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation (Fellowship F-20-10-19500 to E. A. N. and Grant RF 78035), the United States Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-76ER01426), the Medical Research Council (Grant to A. D.), and the Science and Engineering Research Council (Grant to A. D.).

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