Plant Physiology 82:534-542 (1986)
© 1986 American Society of Plant Biologists
Articles
Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots 1
IV. Further Studies on Participation of Ethylene
Raymond M. Wheeler2,
Rosemary G. White3 and
Frank B. Salisbury
Plant Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4820
Ethylene at 1.0 and 10.0 cubic centimeters per cubic meter decreased the rate of gravitropic bending in stems of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), but 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene had little effect. Treating cocklebur plants with 1.0 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) delayed stem bending compared with controls, but adding 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene in the surrounding atmosphere (or applying 0.1% ethephon solution) partially restored the rate of bending of AVG-treated plants. Ethylene increases in bending stems, and AVG inhibits this. Virtually all newly synthesized ethylene appeared in bottom halves of horizontal stems, where ethylene concentrations were as much as 100 times those in upright stems or in top halves of horizontal stems. This was especially true when horizontal stems were physically restrained from bending. Ethylene might promote cell elongation in bottom tissues of a horizontal stem or indicate other factors there (e.g. a large amount of `functioning' auxin). Or top and bottom tissues may become differentially sensitive to ethylene. Auxin applied to one side of a vertical stem caused extreme bending away from that side; gibberellic acid, kinetin, and abscisic acid were without effect. Acidic ethephon solutions applied to one side of young seedlings of cocklebur, tomato, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) caused bending away from that side, but neutral ethephon solutions did not cause bending. Buffered or unbuffered acid (HCl) caused similar bending. Neutral ethephon solutions produced typical ethylene symptoms (i.e. epinasty, inhibition of stem elongation). HCl or acidic ethephon applied to the top of horizontal stems caused downward bending, but these substances applied to the bottom of such stems inhibited growth and upward bending—an unexpected result.
2 Present address: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 53706.
3 Present address: Department of Botany, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210.
1 Supported in part by Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. 283 and by National Aeronatics and Space Administration grant NSG-7567. Results were submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degrees of Wheeler and White. This is Agricultural Experiment Station Paper No. 3076.
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