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Development and Growth Regulation

Genetic Regulation of Development in Sorghum bicolor¹

III. Asynchrony of Thermoperiods with Photoperiods Promotes Floral Initiation

Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843

Asynchronous thermo- and photoperiods were observed to hasten floral differentiation (initiation) in the short day plant Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Shifting the 12 hour thermoperiod forward 0.5 or 2.5 hours hastened floral initiation compared to controls with synchronous thermo-and photoperiods. Delaying the day-night temperature change until 2.5 hours after either the dark-light or light-dark transition also hastened floral initiation. Inasmuch as sorghum milo-type maturity genotypes containing the genes designated Ma₁Ma₂ (class I) were most responsive to asynchrony of the thermo- and photoperiods while those containing ma₃^R (class III) were not responsive, the maturity genes appear to control the plant's response to both photoperiod and temperature. Gibberellic acid promoted the effect of thermo- and photoperiod asynchrony on floral initiation. The results suggest that in sorghum both temperature and photoperiod may act as phase setting signals in what has previously been termed photoperiodism.

³ Present address: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794.

¹ Contribution of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, paper No. 21848 in the technical article series.

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