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Environmental and Stress Physiology

Response of Two Wheat Cultivars to CO₂ Enrichment under Subambient Oxygen Conditions ¹

Department of Botany, Duke University Phytotron, Durham, North Carolina 27706

Two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs Sonoita and Yecora Rojo) were grown to maturity in a growth chamber within four sub-chambers under two CO₂ levels (350 or 1000 microliters per liter) at either ambient (21%) or low O₂ (5%). Growth analysis was used to characterize changes in plant carbon budgets imposed by the gas regimes. Large increases in leaf areas were seen in the low O₂ treatments, due primarily to a stimulation of tillering. Roots developed normally at 5% O₂. Seed development was inhibited by the subambient O₂ treatment, but this effect was overcome by CO₂ enrichment at 1000 microliters per liter. Dry matter accumulation and seed number responded differently to the gas treatments. The greatest dry matter production occurred in the low O₂, high CO₂ treatment, while the greatest seed production occurred in the ambient O₂, high CO₂ treatment. Growth and assimilation were stimulated more by either CO₂ enrichment or low O₂ in cv Yecora Rojo than in Sonoita. These experiments are the first to explore the effect of whole plant low O₂ treatments on growth and reproduction. The finding that CO₂ enrichment overcomes low O₂-induced sterility may help elucidate the nature of this effect.

¹ Supported by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Research Associate Award to M.E.M. (NASA grant NAGW-70) and by Small Business Innovation Research contract NAS2-12353. National Science Foundation grant BSR83-14925 supports the Duke University Phytotron.

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