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Environmental and Stress Physiology

Zeaxanthin and the Induction and Relaxation Kinetics of the Dissipation of Excess Excitation Energy in Leaves in 2% O₂, 0% CO₂¹

Lehrstuhl für Botanik II, Universität Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, 8700 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, 8700 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany

The relationship between the carotenoid zeaxanthin, formed by violaxanthin de-epoxidation, and nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (q_NP) in the light was investigated in leaves of Glycine max during a transient from dark to light in 2% O₂, 0% CO₂ at 100 to 200 micromoles of photons per square meter per second. (a) Up to a q_NP (which can vary between 0 and 1) of about 0.7, the zeaxanthin content of leaves was linearly correlated with q_NP as well as with the rate constant for radiationless energy dissipation in the antenna chlorophyll (k_D). Beyond this point, at very high degrees of fluorescence quenching, only k_D was directly proportional to the zeaxanthin content. (b) The relationship between zeaxanthin and k_D was quantitatively similar for the rapidly relaxing quenching induced in 2% O₂, 0% CO₂ at 200 micromoles of photons per square meter per second and for the sustained quenching induced by long-term exposure of Nerium oleander to drought in high light (B Demmig, K Winter, A Krüger, F-C Czygan [1988] Plant Physiol 87: 17-24). These findings suggest that the same dissipation process may be induced by very different treatments and that this particular dissipation process can have widely different relaxation kinetics. (c) A rapid induction of strong nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching within about 1 minute was observed exclusively in leaves which already contained a background level of zeaxanthin.

¹ Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie.

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