Plant Physiology 91:266-271 (1989)
© 1989 American Society of Plant Biologists
Environmental and Stress Physiology
Decreased Ethylene Biosynthesis, and Induction of Aerenchyma, by Nitrogen- or Phosphate-Starvation in Adventitious Roots of Zea mays L. 1
Malcolm C. Drew,
Chuan-Jiu He2 and
Page W. Morgan
Texas A&M University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College Station, Texas 77843,
Texas A&M University, Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, College Station, Texas 77843
Plants of Zea mays L. cv TX5855 were grown in a complete, well oxygenated nutrient solution then subjected to nutrient starvation by omitting either nitrate and ammonium or phosphate from the solution. These treatments induced the formation of aerenchyma close to the apex of the adventitious roots that subsequently emerged from the base of the shoot, a response similar to that shown earlier to be induced by hypoxia. Compared with control plants supplied with all nutrients throughout, N- or P-starvation consistently depressed the rates of ethylene release by excised, 25 mm apical segments of adventitious roots. Some enzymes and substrates of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway were examined. The content of 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) paralleled the differences in ethylene production rates, being depressed by N or P deficiency, while malonyl-ACC showed a similar trend. Activity of ACC synthase and of ethylene forming enzyme (g–1 fresh weight) was also greater in control roots than in nutrient starved ones. These results indicate that much of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway is slowed under conditions of N- or P-starvation. Thus, by contrast to the effects of hypoxia, the induction of aerenchyma in roots of Zea mays by nutrient starvation is not related to an enhanced biosynthesis and/or accumulation of ethylene in the root tips.
2 Permanent Address: Anhui Agriculture College, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
1 Research supported in part by U.S. Department of Agriculture Competitive Grant No. 88-37264-3944. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station paper No. 24378.
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