Plant Physiology 93:1337-1346 (1990)
© 1990 American Society of Plant Biologists
Environmental and Stress Physiology
Growth of the Maize Primary Root at Low Water Potentials 1
II. Role of Growth and Deposition of Hexose and Potassium in Osmotic Adjustment
Robert E. Sharp2,
Theodore C. Hsiao and
Wendy Kuhn Silk
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616,
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
Primary roots of maize (Zea mays L. cv WF9 x Mo17) seedlings growing in vermiculite at various water potentials exhibited substantial osmotic adjustment in the growing region. We have assessed quantitatively whether the osmotic adjustment was attributable to increased net solute deposition rates or to slower rates of water deposition associated with reduced volume expansion. Spatial distributions of total osmotica, soluble carbohydrates, potassium, and water were combined with published growth velocity distributions to calculate deposition rate profiles using the continuity equation. Low water potentials had no effect on the rate of total osmoticum deposition per unit length close to the apex, and caused decreased deposition rates in basal regions. However, rates of water deposition decreased more than osmoticum deposition. Consequently, osmoticum deposition rates per unit water volume were increased near the apex and osmotic potentials were lower throughout the growing region. Because the stressed roots were thinner, osmotic adjustment occurred without osmoticum accumulation per unit length. The effects of low water potential on hexose deposition were similar to those for total osmotica, and hexose made a major contribution to the osmotic adjustment in middle and basal regions. In contrast, potassium deposition decreased at low water potentials in close parallel with water deposition, and increases in potassium concentration were small. The results show that growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials involves a complex pattern of morphogenic and metabolic events. Although osmotic adjustment is largely the result of a greater inhibition of volume expansion and water deposition than solute deposition, the contrasting behavior of hexose and potassium deposition indicates that the adjustment is a highly regulated process.
2 Present address: Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
1 Supported by National Science Foundation Grant DCB 8417504 to W. K. S. and T. C. H. and U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant 87-CRCR-1-2492 to R. E. S. Contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. 10982.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
R. K. Vandeleur, G. Mayo, M. C. Shelden, M. Gilliham, B. N. Kaiser, and S. D. Tyerman
The Role of Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein Aquaporins in Water Transport through Roots: Diurnal and Drought Stress Responses Reveal Different Strategies between Isohydric and Anisohydric Cultivars of Grapevine
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2009;
149(1):
445 - 460.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhu, S. Alvarez, E. L. Marsh, M. E. LeNoble, I.-J. Cho, M. Sivaguru, S. Chen, H. T. Nguyen, Y. Wu, D. P. Schachtman, et al.
Cell Wall Proteome in the Maize Primary Root Elongation Zone. II. Region-Specific Changes in Water Soluble and Lightly Ionically Bound Proteins under Water Deficit
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2007;
145(4):
1533 - 1548.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Aluri and M. Buttner
Identification and functional expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar glucose transporter 1 and its role in seed germination and flowering
PNAS,
February 13, 2007;
104(7):
2537 - 2542.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Boote and T. R. Sinclair
Crop Physiology: Significant Discoveries and Our Changing Perspective on Research
Crop Sci.,
September 8, 2006;
46(5):
2270 - 2277.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. BLOOM, J. FRENSCH, and A. R. TAYLOR
Influence of Inorganic Nitrogen and pH on the Elongation of Maize Seminal Roots
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2006;
97(5):
867 - 873.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Sharp, V. Poroyko, L. G. Hejlek, W. G. Spollen, G. K. Springer, H. J. Bohnert, and H. T. Nguyen
Root growth maintenance during water deficits: physiology to functional genomics
J. Exp. Bot.,
November 1, 2004;
55(407):
2343 - 2351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Verslues and E. A. Bray
LWR1 and LWR2 Are Required for Osmoregulation and Osmotic Adjustment in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2004;
136(1):
2831 - 2842.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Schraut, C. I. Ullrich, and W. Hartung
Lateral ABA transport in maize roots (Zea mays): visualization by immunolocalization
J. Exp. Bot.,
August 1, 2004;
55(403):
1635 - 1641.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wachter, M. Langhans, R. Aloni, S. Gotz, A. Weilmunster, A. Koops, L. Temguia, I. Mistrik, J. Pavlovkin, U. Rascher, et al.
Vascularization, High-Volume Solution Flow, and Localized Roles for Enzymes of Sucrose Metabolism during Tumorigenesis by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2003;
133(3):
1024 - 1037.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. van der Weele, H. S. Jiang, K. K. Palaniappan, V. B. Ivanov, K. Palaniappan, and T. I. Baskin
A New Algorithm for Computational Image Analysis of Deformable Motion at High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Applied to Root Growth. Roughly Uniform Elongation in the Meristem and Also, after an Abrupt Acceleration, in the Elongation Zone
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 2003;
132(3):
1138 - 1148.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Ober and R. E. Sharp
Electrophysiological responses of maize roots to low water potentials: relationship to growth and ABA accumulation
J. Exp. Bot.,
February 1, 2003;
54(383):
813 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. RAYMOND and N. SMIRNOFF
Proline Metabolism and Transport in Maize Seedlings at Low Water Potential
Ann. Bot.,
June 15, 2002;
89(7):
813 - 823.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wu, E. T. Thorne, R. E. Sharp, and D. J. Cosgrove
Modification of Expansin Transcript Levels in the Maize Primary Root at Low Water Potentials
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2001;
126(4):
1471 - 1479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Jiang and B. Huang
Osmotic Adjustment and Root Growth Associated with Drought Preconditioning-Enhanced Heat Tolerance in Kentucky Bluegrass
Crop Sci.,
July 1, 2001;
41(4):
1168 - 1173.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wu and D. J. Cosgrove
Adaptation of roots to low water potentials by changes in cell wall extensibility and cell wall proteins
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 1, 2000;
51(350):
1543 - 1553.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. van der Weele, W. G. Spollen, R. E. Sharp, and T. I. Baskin
Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under water deficit studied by control of water potential in nutrient-agar media
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 1, 2000;
51(350):
1555 - 1562.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. C. Hsiao and L.-K. Xu
Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to water stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 1, 2000;
51(350):
1595 - 1616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Lacombe, G. Pilot, E. Michard, F. Gaymard, H. Sentenac, and J.-B. Thibaud
A Shaker-like K+ Channel with Weak Rectification Is Expressed in Both Source and Sink Phloem Tissues of Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2000;
12(6):
837 - 851.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Verslues and R. E. Sharp
Proline Accumulation in Maize (Zea mays L.) Primary Roots at Low Water Potentials. II. Metabolic Source of Increased Proline Deposition in the Elongation Zone
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 1999;
119(4):
1349 - 1360.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. I. Baskin, H. T.H.M. Meekes, B. M. Liang, and R. E. Sharp
Regulation of Growth Anisotropy in Well-Watered and Water-Stressed Maize Roots. II. Role of Cortical Microtubules and Cellulose Microfibrils
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 1999;
119(2):
681 - 692.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Verslues, E. S. Ober, and R. E. Sharp
Root Growth and Oxygen Relations at Low Water Potentials. Impact of Oxygen Availability in Polyethylene Glycol Solutions
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 1998;
116(4):
1403 - 1412.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
