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Environmental and Stress Physiology

Interaction of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation and CO₂ on Productivity and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Wheat, Rice, and Soybean ¹

Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Bannock), rice (Oryza sativa L. cv IR-36), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr cv Essex) were grown in a factorial greenhouse experiment to determine if CO₂-induced increases in photosynthesis, biomass, and yield are modified by increases in ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation corresponding to stratospheric ozone depletion. The experimental conditions simulated were: (a) an increase in CO₂ concentration from 350 to 650 microliters per liter; (b) an increase in UV-B radiation corresponding to a 10% ozone depletion at the equator; and (c) a and b in combination. Seed yield and total biomass increased significantly with elevated CO₂ in all three species when compared to the control. However, with concurrent increases in UV-B and CO₂, no increase in either seed yield (wheat and rice) or total biomass (rice) was observed with respect to the control. In contrast, CO₂-induced increases in seed yield and total plant biomass were maintained or increased in soybean within the elevated CO₂, UV-B environment. Whole leaf gas exchange indicated a significant increase in photosynthesis, apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and water-use-efficiency (WUE) with elevated CO₂ in all 3 species. Including elevated UV-B radiation with high CO₂ eliminated the effect of high CO₂ on photosynthesis and WUE in rice and the increase in AQE associated with high CO₂ in all species. Elevated CO₂ did not change the apparent carboxylation efficiency (ACE) in the three species although the combination of elevated CO₂ and UV-B reduced ACE in wheat and rice. The results of this experiment illustrate that increased UV-B radiation may modify CO₂-induced increases in biomass, seed yield and photosynthetic parameters and suggest that available data may not adequately characterize the potential effect of future, simultaneous changes in CO₂ concentration and UV-B radiation.

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